The adrenal cortex and medulla appear to be interlaced with multiple areas of contact that are not separated by connective tissue or interstitial membranes. Autoimmune adrenalitis remains the predominant cause for primary adrenocortical dysfunction in the western world. Primary adrenal insufficiency results from destruction of the adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex consists of the outer zona glomerulosa that secretes aldosterone which plays a major role in regulation of blood pressure, volume and potassium balance. The adrenal gland consists of the outer cortex and the inner medulla. This chapter focuses on altered adrenal function, the autonomic nervous system, and the influence of the autonomic nervous system on adrenocortical function.
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